/** 
* @file FPCRandomForests.h
* @brief implementation of random set forests
* @author Erik Rodner
* @date 04/24/2008

*/
#ifndef FPCRANDOMFORESTSINCLUDE
#define FPCRANDOMFORESTSINCLUDE

#include <vector>

#include "core/vector/VectorT.h"
#include "core/vector/MatrixT.h"
#include "core/image/ImageT.h"
#include "core/imagedisplay/ImageDisplay.h"

#include "vislearning/classifier/classifierbase/FeaturePoolClassifier.h"
#include "vislearning/cbaselib/FeaturePool.h"
#include "DecisionTree.h"

#include "DecisionTreeBuilder.h"


namespace OBJREC {

/** implementation of random set forests */
class FPCRandomForests : public FeaturePoolClassifier
{
    protected:
		/** vector containing all decision trees */
		std::vector<DecisionTree *> forest;	
		
		/** number of trees which will be generated in the
		    during training */
		int number_of_trees;

		/** fraction of features used for each tree */
		double features_per_tree;

		/** fraction of training examples used for each tree */
		double samples_per_tree;

		/** use an equal number of training examples of each class
		    to build a single tree */
		bool use_simple_balancing;

		/** weight examples according to a priori class probabilities
		    as estimated using the distribution contained in the training data */
		bool weight_examples;

		/** if >0 then prune the trees using pruneTreeEntropy */
		double minimum_entropy;

		/** clear all examples after building a tree, this deletes
		    all cached images contained in CachedExample etc. */
		bool memory_efficient;

		/** stored config to initialize a tree */
		const NICE::Config *conf;

		/** config section containing important config values */
		std::string confsection;

		/** pointer to the tree builder method */
		DecisionTreeBuilder *builder;

		/** out-of-bag statistics */
		bool enableOutOfBagEstimates;
		std::vector<std::pair<double, int> > oobResults;

		/** classify using only a subset of all trees */
		ClassificationResult classify ( Example & pce,
							const std::vector<int> & outofbagtrees );

		/** calculate out-of-bag statistics */
		void calcOutOfBagEstimates ( std::vector< std::vector<int> > & outofbagtrees, 
						 Examples & examples );
		
		/** save example selection per tree */
		std::vector<std::vector<int> > exselection;

    public:
  
		/** initialize the classifier */
		FPCRandomForests( const NICE::Config *conf, 
				  std::string section );
		  
		/** do nothing */
		FPCRandomForests ();

		/** simple destructor */
		virtual ~FPCRandomForests();

		/** main classification function */
		ClassificationResult classify ( Example & pce );
		int classify_optimize ( Example & pce );

		/** get all leaf nodes for an given example (or inner nodes if depth is set to the level) */
		void getLeafNodes ( Example & pce,
					std::vector<DecisionNode *> & leafNodes,
					int depth = 100000 );
		/** get all leaf nodes (or inner nodes if depth is set to the level) */
		void getAllLeafNodes ( std::vector<DecisionNode *> & leafNodes);
		
		/** perform training using a given feature pool and some training data */
		virtual void train ( FeaturePool & fp,
				 Examples & examples );

		/** enumerate all nodes within the trees */
		void indexDescendants ( std::map<DecisionNode *, std::pair<long, int> > & index ) const;

		/** reset all counters in all nodes contained in the forest */
		void resetCounters ();

		/** direct access to all trees */
		const std::vector<DecisionTree *> & getForest () const { return forest; };

		/** direct write access to all trees */
		std::vector<DecisionTree *> & getForestNonConst () { return forest; };

		/** clone this object */
		FeaturePoolClassifier *clone () const;
		
		/** get out of bag estimates */
		std::vector<std::pair<double, int> > & getOutOfBagResults () { return oobResults; };

		/** set the number of trees */
		void setComplexity ( int size );

		/** IO functions */
		void restore (std::istream & is, int format = 0);
		void store (std::ostream & os, int format = 0) const;
		void clear ();
	

};


} // namespace

#endif